In the early twentieth century, both Louisville, Kentucky, and Nashville, T
ennessee, provided racially segregated public library collections and servi
ces. In each case, children became a central focus of the work. Librarians
who developed the children's collections in library branches staffed and us
ed exclusively by African Americans were limited by the need to educate as
well as entertain, the dearth of books published for and about African-Amer
ican children, and the professional practice of relying on standard selecti
on guides. The children's collections in Louisville's and Nashville's black
branch libraries held many of the same books available in other public lib
raries, and some of those books included demeaning characterizations and im
ages of African Americans. Branch librarians mediated between the children
and the collections, creating services, such as story hours and reading clu
bs, that supported interpretive communities of young African American reade
rs.