A DROWNED LYCOPSID FOREST ABOVE THE MAHONING COAL (CONEMAUGH GROUP, UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN) IN EASTERN OHIO, USA

Over 800 mud-filled casts of upright lycopsid tree stumps have been do cumented immediately above the Mahoning coal in an active underground mine located in northwestern Jefferson County, Ohio. The coal body ori ginated as a pod-shaped peat body of similar to 60 km(2). Trees are ro oted at several levels within a thin (15-40 cm) bone coal directly abo ve the banded coal; they extend upward up to 15 cm into overlying, fla t-bedded, carbonaceous mudstones that coarsen up. From a maximum basal diameter of 1.2 m, stumps taper upward to diameters no less than 0.3 m. Within single-entry transects, < 6 m wide that total 2585 m in leng th, stumps are randomly distributed. The trees are identified as lepid odendrids on the basis of gross morphology, external stem patterns, an d attached stigmarian root systems, and provisionally as Lepidophloios or Lepidodendron by associated palynology of the enclosing matrix. Pa lynological analyses of incremental seam samples indicate an initial d ominance of lycopsid spores with lepidodendracean affinities (Lycospor a granulata from Lepidophloios hallii), replaced upwards by tree-fern spores, with a reoccurrence of lepidodendracean spores in the upper be nches; spores of Sigillaria (Crassispora) are abundant only at the bas e of the coal. Petrographic analyses indicate a parallel trend from vi trinite-rich to inertinite- and liptinite-rich upward in the coal body . All data indicate that the peat represented by the Mahoning coal was drowned slowly. During the earliest stages of inundation, a lycopsid forest was re-established, only to be subsequently drowned.