We consider some consequences of the presence of a cosmological lepton asym
metry in the form of neutrinos. A relic neutrino degeneracy enhances the co
ntribution of massive neutrinos to the present energy density of the Univer
se, and modifies the power spectrum of radiation and matter. Comparing with
current observations of cosmic microwave background anisotropies and large
scale structure, we derive some constraints on the relic neutrino degenera
cy and on the spectral index in the case of a flat Universe with a cosmolog
ical constant.