BACKGROUND. Prostasomes are membranous vesicles secreted by prostate gland,
and they contain large amounts of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, calcium, and
several enzymes. Prostasomes are involved in a number of biological functi
ons. At ejaculation, these prostasomes are expelled with prostate secretion
s and are to be found in the seminal plasma as seminal prostasomes, which f
acilitate sperm function in various ways.
METHODS. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional role of p
rostasomes, the various enzyme systems associated with these vesicles, and
the biological role prostasomes play in male reproduction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. Prostasomes are pluripotent and well-organized org
anelles secreted by the prostate gland. Prostasomes are ascribed to have ma
ny physiologiocal functions, the primary function being enhancement of sper
m capacity. The several enzyme systems, small signaling molecules, and neur
oendocrine markers associated with prostasomes reveal the complex nature of
these vesicles in regulating sperm viability and vitality. The functional
significance of these molecules that regulate complex pathways in these sma
ll vesicles is still a matter of dogma. Critical evaluation of the biologic
al processes associated with prostasomes might be helpful in modeling new c
ontraceptive agents, improving the techniques of in vitro fertilization, an
d in furthering our understanding and treatment of male factor infertility.
Prostate 43:169-174, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.