Age of Neoproterozoic bilatarian body and trace fossils, White Sea, Russia: Implications for metazoan evolution

A uranium-lead zircon age for a volcanic ash interstratified with fossil-be aring, shallow marine siliciclastic rocks in the Zimnie Gory section of the White Sea region indicates that a diverse assemblage of body and trace fos sils occurred before 555.3 +/- 0.3 million years ago. This age is a minimum for the oldest well-documented triploblastic bilaterian Kimberella. It als o makes co-occurring trace fossils the oldest that are reliably dated. This determination of age implies that there is no simple relation between Edia caran diversity and the carbon isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawa ter.