A sleep inducing factor from common Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus, Schneider) skin extract

Bufo melanostictus (common Indian toad) acquire different bioactive substan ces in their skin during their life-time in wide ecological habitat. Earlie r investigation from this laboratory revealed that toad (B, melanostictus) skin extract (TSE) posses different bioactive compounds of different divers ity (Das, M., Auddy, B. and Gomes, A., 1996. Pharmacological study of the t oad skin extract on experimental animals. Indian J. Pharmacol, 28, 72-76) A mong these sleep induction and sleep potentiation indicated the possibility of sleep inducing factor(s) in TSE. One such sleep inducing factor (SIF) w as isolated and purified by neutral alumina column chromatography followed by HPLC. Spectroscopy (UV, IR, FAB-MASS) study indicated that the sleep ind ucing factor was a 880 Dalton conjugated aromatic compound with a hydroxyl and carbonyl functional group. Biological study showed that SIF produced no lethality in male albino mice upto the dose of 8 mg/kg, i.v, Cyproheptadin e antagonised SIF induced contraction of isolated smooth muscle indicating histamine/serotonin receptor mediated action of SIF. EEG studies showed tha t SIF increased sleep and decreased awakening condition of freely moving ra ts. Biochemical studies showed that SIF produced significant alteration of brain biogenic amine levels, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and tryptophan hydroxy lase (TH) activity. This may be the reason of SIF induced sleep, although t he SIF induced sleep mechanism needs further detail investigation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.