Background: Previous studies have suggested that sensitivity to Alternaria
and Cladosporium may be risk factors for life-threatening asthma. We have i
nvestigated this by studying the relationship between skin tests for fungal
spores and admission to atl intensive care unit (ICU) for asthma.
Methods: Skin prick tests for fungal spores (Alternaria tenuis, Cladosporiu
m cladosporoides, Helminthosporium maydis, and Epicoccum nigrum), cat dande
r, house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), and a seven-grass mix
were performed in three groups of patients: patients admitted to an ICU wit
h an attack of asthma; those who had received emergency treatment for asthm
a but had not been admitted to an ICU, and those who had never required eme
rgency treatment for their asthma.
Results: Twenty of 37 patients (54%) admitted to the ICU had a positive ski
n test for one or more fungal allergens compared with 15/50 patients (30%)
in each of the other groups (P=0.005). The ICU patients were no more likely
to have positive skin tests for the grass mix, cat dander, or house-dust m
ite than the other patients.
Conclusions: a positive skin test for fungal allergens is a risk factor for
admission to an ICU with an acute attack of asthma.