We report a rare case of primary aortoduodenal fistula (ADF) secondary to a
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) infection in a patient with an abdominal aorti
c aneurysm. A review of the available literature on the vascular complicati
ons of Q fever is presented. Q fever should be suspected in vascular patien
ts with close animal contact when a standard infectious work-up is unreveal
ing. Diagnostic steps and management strategies for primary ADF are also br
iefly reviewed. DOI:10.1007/s100169910046.