Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains show glutamate decarboxylase activ
ity, whereas L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains do not. The gadB gene encodi
ng glutamate decarboxylase was detected in the L. lactis subsp. cremoris ge
nome but was poorly expressed. Sequence analysis showed that the gene is in
activated by the frameshift mutation and encoded in a nonfunctional protein
.