The ethanol yield and productivity obtained during fermentation of lignocel
lulosic hydrolysates is decreased due to the presence of inhibiting compoun
ds, such as weak acids, furans and phenolic compounds formed or released du
ring hydrolysis. This review describes the effect of various detoxification
methods on the fermentability and chemical composition of the hydrolysates
. Inhibition of fermentation can be relieved upon treatment with the lignin
olytic enzyme laccase, pre-fermentation by the filamentous fungus Trichoder
ma reesei, removal of non-volatile compounds, extraction with ether or ethy
l acetate, and treatment with alkali or sulfite. Various fermentation strat
egies can also be used to improve yield and productivity in lignocellulosic
hydrolysates. Batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation are discussed
in relation to inhibition of fermentation in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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