MALARIA-RELATED BELIEFS AND BEHAVIOR IN SOUTHERN GHANA - IMPLICATIONSFOR TREATMENT, PREVENTION AND CONTROL

A research infrastructure was established in two ecological zones in s outhern Ghana to study the variables of malaria transmission and provi de information to support the country's Malaria Action Plan (MAP) laun ched in 1992. Residents' beliefs and practices about causes, recogniti on, treatment and prevention of malaria were explored in two ecologica l zones in southern Ghana using epidemiological and social research me thods. In both communities females constituted more than 80% of careta kers of children 1-9 years and the illiteracy rate was high. Fever and malaria, which are locally called Asra or Atridi, were found to repre sent the same thing and are used interchangeably. Caretakers were well informed about the major symptoms of malaria, which correspond to the current clinical case definition of malaria. Knowledge about malaria transmission is, however, shrouded in many misconceptions. Though the human dwellings in the study communities conferred no real protection against mosquitoes, bednet usage was low while residents combatted the nuisance of mosquitoes with insecticide sprays, burning of coils and herbs, which they largely considered as temporary measures. Home treat ment of malaria combining herbs and over-the-counter drugs and inadequ ate doses of chloroquine was widespread. There is a need for a strong educational component to be incorporated into the MAP to correct misco nceptions about malaria transmission, appropriate treatment and protec tion of households. Malaria control policies should recognize the role of home treatment and drug shops in the management of malaria and inc orporate them into existing control strategies.