Optimized combinations of abatement strategies for urban mobile sources

The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) scale was chosen as a practical in dex for quantifying ozone-forming impacts. The integer linear and nonlinear programming techniques were employed as the optimization method to maximiz e MIR and volatile organic compound (VOC) reductions, and minimize ozone's marginal cost with varied control costs. Mobile vehicles were divided into nine categories according to the demands of decision makers and the distinc tive features of local circumstance in metro-Taipei. The emission factor (E F) and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) of each kind of vehicle were estim ated by MOBILE5B model via native parameters and questionnaires. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and inspection and maintenance (I/M) were the alternativ e control programs for buses and touring buses; liquefied petroleum gas (LP G), I/M, methanol, electrical vehicle (EV) were for taxis and low duty gaso line vehicles. EV, methanol, and I/M were the possible control methods for two-stroke and four-stroke engine motorcycles; I/M programs for low-duty di esel trucks, heavy-duty diesel trucks, and low-duty gasoline trucks. The results include the emission ratios of specific vehicle to all vehicles , the best combination of abated measures based on different objectives, an d the marginal cost for ozone and VOC with varied control costs. (C) 2000 E lsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.