A model is introduced for the carrier phase turbulence in a fluid-particle
flow based on the volume-averaged equations for the kinetic energy of the c
arrier phase. The model shows the trends observed by experiment, that is, s
mall particles attenuate turbulence while large particles augment turbulenc
e. The change in turbulence intensity is correlated with the particle loadi
ng and the ratio of the particle diameter to the turbulence length scale. (
C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.