Effect of concentration-dependence on ion-exchanged channel waveguide profile

An accurate simulation model of ion-exchange processes for fabricating chan nel glass waveguides is presented. The simulation results are in good agree ment with the experimental results because the simulation takes the concent ration-dependent diffusion coefficient into account and applies the cubic-i nterpolation pseudoparticle (CIP) method for electromigration which can tre at a sharp interface with a few grids. The simulation is then used to study optimum process conditions for a buried single-mode channel waveguide. It is demonstrated that an annealing process following field-assisted ion-exch ange is useful in reducing the coupling loss to a single-mode optical fiber .