Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in selected German populations - Relevance for the incidence of genital herpes

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies to her pes simplex vi rus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) in selected German populat ions, such as blood donors, hospital patients, and human immunodeficiency v irus (HIV)-seropositive individuals. Serum samples collected between 1996 a nd 1998 were tested by enzyme immunoassays using monoclonal antibody-select ed native gG1 and gG2 as antigens and an immunoblot using type-specific rec ombinant glycoproteins. Equivocal results were resolved by an "in-house" We stern blot assay. The prevalence of HSV-1 antibodies increased steadily wit h age and reached high levels of greater than or equal to 88% among subject s 40 years of age or older. In the sample of patients and blood donors, the HSV-2 seroprevalence was 12.8% (95% CI = 11.9-13.8%). About 81% of the HSV -2 seropositive subjects were coinfected with HSV-1, When adjusted for age, there was no difference in the HSV-2 seroprevalence between hospital patie nts and blood donors. The HSV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher amo ng women (15%) than among men (10.5%), yielding a female male odds ratio of 1.5 for hospital patients and of 1.67 for blood donors. Among the HIV-infe cted population, 91.1 % were seropositive for HSV-1 and 47.9% for HSV-2. HI V-infected women have a significantly higher risk of HSV-2 infection than m en (odds ratio [OR] = 3.22; 95% confidence ratio [CI] 1.99-5.20). In conclu sion, although the rate of infections with HSV-2 is relatively low in the G erman population, attention should be given to the further development in a dolescents, especially in view of a possible decrease of HSV-1 seroprevalen ce in childhood. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.