Classical conditioning of feeding in Aplysia: I. Behavioral analysis

A training protocol was developed to classically condition feeding behavior in Aplysia californica using tactile stimulation of the lips as the condit ional stimulus (CS) and food as the unconditional stimulus (US). Paired tra ining induced a greater increase in the number of bites to the CS than unpa ired training or US-only stimulation. Memory for classical conditioning was retained for at least 24 hr. The organization of the reinforcement pathway that supports classical conditioning was analyzed in additional behavioral experiments. No evidence was found for the contribution to appetitive rein forcement of US-mediating pathways originating in the lips of the animals. Bilateral lesions of the anterior branch of the esophageal nerve, which inn ervates parts of the foregut, however, were found to attenuate classical co nditioning. Thus, it appears likely that reinforcement during appetitive cl assical conditioning of feeding was mediated by afferent pathways that orig inate in the foregut. The companion paper (Lechner et al., 2000) describes two neurophysiological correlates of the classical conditioning.