Synergistic effects of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Central monoamine, corticosterone, and behavioral variations
K. Brebner et al., Synergistic effects of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Central monoamine, corticosterone, and behavioral variations, NEUROPSYCH, 22(6), 2000, pp. 566-580
The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and tum
or necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) influence neurodoendocrine activity, p
romote central neurotransmitter alterations, and induce a constellation of
symptoms collectively referred to as sickness behaviors. These cytokines ma
y also elicit anxiety and disturbances in humans. In the present investigat
ion, systemic IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha dose-dependently and syngergistically
distributed consumption of highly palatable food source (chocolate milk),
possibly reflecting anorexia or anhedonia endangered by the treatments. As
well, these cytokines synergistically increased plasma corticosterone level
s. Although IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha provoked variations of amine turnover i
n the hypothalanus, locus coeruleus, and central amygdala, synergistic effe
cts were not evident in this respect. Nevertheless, in view of the central
amine variations induced by the cytokines, it is suggested that immune acti
vation may come to influence complex behavioral processes as well as affect
ive state. (C) 2000 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Published
by Elsevier Science Inc.