The transmission electron microscope is a valuable diagnostic and research
tool that is presently underappreciated. In the area of human immunodeficie
ncy virus research alone, it has provided critical information about viral
pathogenesis and opportunistic infections and malignancies. However, becaus
e it has not always been used with care, the literature contains misinterpr
etations, especially as to what is a virus and what is actually a cell orga
nelle, e.g., lysosome and Golgi vesicles. It is important to review the sub
ject periodically to maintain its quality.