Te. Besser et al., Multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections of humans and domestic animals in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, EPIDEM INFE, 124(2), 2000, pp. 193-200
Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 with chromosomally encoded resis
tance to five or more antimicrobial drugs (R-type ACSSuT+) has been reporte
d increasingly frequently as the cause of human and animal salmonellosis si
nce 1990, Among animal isolates from the northwestern United States (NWUS),
R-type ACSSuT+ Typhimurium isolates increased through the early 1990s to c
omprise 73 % of Typhimurium isolates by 1995, but subsequently decreased to
comprise only 30 % of isolates during 1998. NWUS S. Typhimurium R-type ACS
SuT+ were consistently (99 %) phage typed as DT104 or the closely related D
Tu302, S. Typhimurium isolates from cattle with primary salmonellosis, rand
omly selected from a national repository, from NWUS were more likely to exh
ibit R-type ACSSuT+ (19/24, 79 %) compared to isolates from other quadrants
(17/71, 24 %; P < 0.01). Human patients infected with R-type ACSSuT+ resid
ed in postal zip code polygons of above average cattle farm density (P < 0.
05), while patients infected with other R-types showed no similar tendency.
Furthermore, humans infected with R-type ACSSuT+ Typhimurium were more lik
ely to report direct contact with livestock (P < 0.01) than humans infected
with other R-types.