Obstetric outcome of pregnancies following ICSI, classified according to sperm origin and quality

The aim of this study was to report the outcome of all clinical pregnancies obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) performed during a 5 year period at two fertility clinics, with special reference to delivery outcome associated with different sperm origin and quality and the transfer of fresh or frozen-thawed pre-embryos. A total of 1293 clinical pregnancie s was analysed. Deliveries occurred in 75.9% (n = 982) and early spontaneou s abortion, late spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy in 21.4, 1.0 an d 1.2% respectively. Multiple birth occurred in 21.3% (208 sets of twins an d one set of triplets) of the deliveries, with the highest incidence in the epididymal sperm group (30.2%) and lowest in the cryopreserved group (13.7 %). A total of 1192 infants was born. Preterm birth occurred in 15.7% of al l deliveries. Preterm birth was not related to sperm origin or quality but was related to multiple birth. The prematurity rate was 8.4%, 42.3% and 100 % for singletons, twins and triplets respectively. Singleton infants born a fter cryopreservation as embryos had a significantly higher birthweight tha n the ejaculated sperm group with fresh embryo transfer. The perinatal mort ality rate was 11.7 per 1000 born infants. Eighty-seven of the 1192 infants (7.3%) had a malformation, 40 of which were minor. The perinatal mortality rate and the malformation rate were similar in the different subgroups. Pr enatal karyotyping was performed on 149 fetuses (12.5%) and abnormal result s were found in four cases (2.7%). In conclusion, obstetric outcome of ICSI pregnancies was similar to that of conventional IVF and was not influenced by sperm origin or quality. The high incidence of multiple births is still the major concern.