The role of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) in determining optical co
nfinement in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is examined t
heoretically. The wavelength dependence of refraction in detuned DBRs is sh
own to have a strong influence on the modal gain. The contribution of the r
adiation induced refractive index change to the nonlinear gain factors is d
iscussed.