Energy shifts of indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells

We review the various energy shifts which can be induced in a two-dimension al coupled quantum well structure. These include an electric field-induced red shift, a strain-induced red or blue shift, a density-induced blue shift , a temperature-induced red shift, and a magnetic field-induced red shift. We have seen several surprising effects, including a very large density-dep endent blue shift and a very large red shift with magnetic field. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.