Pancreatitis in adult orthotopic liver allograft recipients: Risk factors and outcome

Acute pancreatitis (AP) has been described after orthotopic liver transplan tation but is uncommon in stable patients after the initial perioperative p hase. The aim of this study is to review our experience with AP occurring m ore than 2 months after primary allografting and determine possible contrib uting factors plus patient outcome. A review of patient files and the unit database was performed. AP was diagnosed in 9 of 298 patients (3%) on 12 oc casions, The incidence of AP was greater in men (8 of 163 men) than women ( 1 of 135 women; P < .04). Underlying factors to each episode of AP were bil iary manipulation (4 of 12 episodes; 33%), history of recent alcohol ingest ion (3 of 12 episodes; 25%), and malignancy in the region of the pancreas ( 2 of 12 episodes; 16%). AP was associated with a diagnosis of either hepati c artery thrombosis combined with biliary tract complications (P < .005) or malignancy (P < .004). In 7 of 12 episodes of AP (58%), conservative manag ement alone was successful. In 3 of 9 patients (33%), subsequent surgery wa s required. One patient died of pancreatic malignancy. In conclusion, AP is uncommon in stable Liver transplant recipients. Male sex, complications of hepatic artery thrombosis, and malignancy in the region of the pancreas ar e associated with AP in this study.