Al. Boutillier et al., Caspase-dependent cleavage of the retinoblastoma protein is an early step in neuronal apoptosis, ONCOGENE, 19(18), 2000, pp. 2171-2178
Rb-deficient embryos (Rb-/-) show abnormal degeneration of neurons and die
at mid-gestation, suggesting that RE may protect against apoptosis. Having
previously shown that cyclin D1 accumulates during K+-induced apoptosis of
granule neurons, we chose to investigate the role of RB under these conditi
ons. We show that RB is cleaved in its C-terminus during the onset of neuro
nal apoptosis. Caspase 3-like activity increases following K+ deprivation a
nd the time course correlates with RB cleavage and apoptosis, Although the
use of a specific caspase 3-like inhibitor (z-DEBD.fmk) delays RB cleavage
and reduces DNA fragmentation, data implicate other caspases in these proce
sses. However K+ deprivation induces a gradual production of the active p20
subunit of caspase 3 (CPP32) that coincides with RB disappearance at the c
ellular level. Nuclear detection of a transfected HA-tagged caspase cleavag
e-resistant RB mutant (DEAG/D to DEAA/D) revealed a significant decrease in
apoptosis of neurons expressing the RB mutant (less than 5%) relative to t
he wild type form of RB (40%) during K+ deprivation. Taken together, these
data show that caspase-dependent cleavage of RB is an early permissive step
of the apoptosis-inducing signaling pathway in neurons, They indicate a ma
jor role of RB in neuronal protection.