I. Bedrosian et al., Incidence of sentinel node metastasis in patients with thin primary melanoma (<= 1 mm) with vertical growth phase, ANN SURG O, 7(4), 2000, pp. 262-267
Background: Patients with thin primary melanomas (less than or equal to 1 m
m) generally have an excellent prognosis. However, the presence of a vertic
al growth phase (VGP) adversely impacts the survival rate. We report on the
rate of occurrence of nodal metastasis in patients with thin primary melan
omas with a VGP who are offered sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.
Methods: Among 235 patients with clinically localized cutaneous melanomas w
ho underwent successful SLN biopsy, 71 had lesions 1 mm or smaller with a V
GP. The SLN was localized by using blue dye and a radiotracer. If negative
for tumor by using hematoxylin and eosin staining, the SLN was further exam
ined by immunohistochemistry.
Results: The rate of occurrence of SLN metastasis was 15.2% in patients wit
h melanomas deeper than 1 mm and 5.6% in patients with thin melanomas. Thre
e patients with thin melanomas and a positive SLN had low-risk lesions, bas
ed on a highly accurate six-variable multivariate logistic regression model
for predicting 8-year survival in stage I/II melanomas. The fourth patient
had a low- to intermediate-risk lesion based on this model. At the time of
the lymphadenectomy, one patient had two additional nodes with metastasis.
Conclusions: VGP in a melanoma 1 mm or smaller seems to be a risk factor fo
r nodal metastasis. The risk of nodal disease may not be accurately predict
ed by the use of a multivariate logistic regression model that incorporates
thickness, mitotic rate, regression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, sex,
and anatomical site. Patients with thin lesions having VGP should be evalua
ted for SLN biopsy and trials of adjuvant therapy when stage III disease is
found.