Globalization, four paths of internationalization and domestic policy change: The case of ecoforestry in British Columbia, Canada

Confusion over how forces from beyond state borders affect domestic policy occurs because analysts often conflate different nondomestic factors, or fo cus on particular sources of influence to the exclusion of others. To remed y this problem, the authors make a distinction between the structural econo mic forces associated with rising levels of trade, finance and investment ( globalization), and the increased activities or influence of transnational actors and international institutions, and the ideas they promote (internat ionalization). A focus on how transnational actors and international instit utions influence domestic policy reveals four distinct pathways through whi ch internationalization produces policy change-the use of markets, internat ional rules, normative discourse and infiltration of domestic policy-making processes. The authors develop hypotheses to show the conditions under whi ch influence is successfully achieved along each path. The case of ecofores try policy change in the 1990s in Canada's Pacific Coast province, British Columbia, is used to illustrate the validity of the hypotheses.