Dermatological aspects of male hypogonadism

Since the skin and its appendages are androgen-dependent, male hypogonadism can be associated with dermatologically relevent lesions. The skin surface of hypogonadal patients is thin and shows increased wrinkles. In cases of prepubertal hypogonadism, severe acne does not occur. In contrast, patients may suffer from sebostasis due to missing stimulation of the sebaceous gla nds. The genital skin does not show pigmentation,which normaly develops dur ing puberty; the integument is pale. Hair growth on breast, pubia, axilla, face and integument is reduced; patients do not present with typical androg enetic alopecia. In addition to these features, dermatological diseases cau sed by treatment of the hypogonadism or drug-induced skin reactions have to be considered. While drug reactions to oral or intramuscular androgens or gonadotropins are rare, irritative or allergic skin lesions are observed fr equently, especially in cases of non-scrotal transdermal therapeutic system s with testosterone. A variety of syndromes include dermatological symptoms associated with male hypogonadism; however, the prevalence of these syndro mes is low.