"The frog ate the bug and made his mouth sad": Narrative competence in children with autism

This study compares the narrative abilities of 13 children with autism, 13 children with developmental delays, and 13 typically developing children ma tched on language ability. Although groups did not differ in their use of c ausal language or internal state terms, children with autism and children w ith developmental delays were less likely than typical children to identify the causes of characters' internal states. Rather, they tended simply to l abel emotions and explain actions. Children with autism and children with d evelopmental delays also relied on a more restricted range of evaluative de vices, which both convey point of view and maintain listener involvement. I n addition, the narrative abilities of children with autism were linked to performance on measures of theory of mind and an index of conversational co mpetence, whereas this was not the case among children with developmental d elays. Findings are discussed in relation to the social, cognitive, and emo tional underpinnings and consequences of narrative activity.