Na. Hotchin et al., Cell vacuolation induced by the VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori is regulated by the Rac1 GTPase, J BIOL CHEM, 275(19), 2000, pp. 14009-14012
Chronic gastric infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pyl
ori is a major contributing factor in the development of duodenal ulcers an
d is believed to be a significant risk factor in the development of gastric
tumors. The VacA cytotoxin of H. pylori is a 90-kDa secreted protein that
forms trans-membrane ion channels. In epithelial cells, VacA activity is as
sociated with the rapid formation of acidic vacuoles enriched for late endo
somal and lysosomal markers. Rad is a member of the Rho family of small GTP
-binding proteins that regulate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton an
d intracellular signal transduction and are being shown increasingly to pla
y a role in membrane trafficking events. In this study we report that: (i)
green fluorescent-tagged Rad localizes around the perimeter of the vacuoles
induced by VacA; (ii) expression of dominant negative Rad in epithelial ce
lls inhibits vacuole formation; (iii) expression of constitutively active R
ad potentiates the activity of VacA. Taken together, these data demonstrate
a role for Rad in the regulation of VacA activity.