Where am I looking? The accuracy of video-mediated gaze awareness

Participants worked in pairs, with one person gazing at a flat horizontal s timulus between them. The Ether participant estimated where the gazer was l ooking. Experiment 1 used Linear scales as gaze targets. The mean root mean square error of estimation equates to 3.8 degrees of head-and-eye pan and 2.6 degrees of tilt. This small error of estimation was essentially the sam e in a video-mediated condition and in one in which a procedure that did no t allow the estimator to see the head-and-eye movement to the target positi on was used. Experiment 2 obtained comparable gaze estimation performance i n face-to-face and video-mediated conditions, using a combined pan-and-tilt grid. It is concluded that people are very goad at estimating what someone else is looking at and that such estimations should be practical during vi deo-mediated conversation.