Development of a Situation x Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) model-based smoking motivation questionnaire

The Situation x Trait Adaptive Response Smoking Motivation Questionnaire (S TAR-SMOQ) was developed to assess dimensions of conscious motivation to smo ke, as well as desire to smoke, and probability of smoking across a number of situations, using a theoretical scale construction strategy based on the STAR model of smoking motivation proposed by Gilbert [Gilbert, D. G. (1995 ). Smoking. individual differences, psychopathology, and emotion.Washington , DC: Taylor & Francis]. Item analysis of a 97-item version of the STAR-SMO Q using a sample of 215 undergraduate smokers yielded 55 items covering fou r dimensions (Cognitive Enhancement, Pleasure Enhancement, Negative Affect Reduction [with Anger, Anxiety, and Depression subscales], and Weight/Appet ite Control). Internal consistency reliability coefficients for the resulti ng four scales ranged from 0.87 to 0.94. Preliminary validation of STAR-SMO Q scales was conducted using a sample of 155 student and adult smokers. As predicted, the STAR-SMOQ scales showed modest correlations with theoretical ly related scales of the Russell Smoking Motivation Questionnaire (RSMQ) an d the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Neuroticism Scale. For example, the Depression facet of the NEO-PI-R correlated more highly with the STAR-SMOQ Desire When Depressed subscale than with any RSMQ scales. Validity of the Appetite/Weight control scale was supported by the finding that females sco red higher than males on this measure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All r ights reserved.