Most organic bond forming reactions can be described as nucleophile-el
ectrophile combinations. For many of these reactions there have been d
iscussions as to whether the bond formation occurs together with the e
lectron transfer or whether electron transfer and bond formation take
place in separate steps, This discussion is reviewed and it is shown h
ow to distinguish between the different processes based on kinetic ana
lysis. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.