In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the concept of soci
al capital in attempting to explain the success or failure of policy delive
ry within the modern state. Much of the resulting research has, however, be
en conducted within a developing countries context. This article seeks to e
xamine the concept of social capital within the context of contemporary Bri
tain. It explores the existence and effect of social capital through case s
tudies in three local environmental policy contexts. In doing so, the artic
le suggests that the potential to develop social capital may be affected by
both the underlying nature of collective action problems and by the histor
ic pattern of policy delivery by the local state.