Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part II: Sequelae affecting the intruded primary incisors

Luxation injuries to incisors, including intrusive displacement, occur with a high frequency in the primary dentition. Intrusion injuries are associat ed with damage to the pulpal and periodontal structures and possible fractu re of the alveolar bone. The pulpal tissue of the intruded tooth sustains a severe shock during displacement, which may be reflected later by sequelae ranging from mild discoloration to pulpal necrosis and infection. Disinteg ration of pulpal tissue may result in periapical tissue inflammation, which in turn may induce developmental disturbances in the germ of the permanent successor tooth. Additionally, severe injury to the periodontal ligament d uring intrusion may lead to ankylosis of the primary incisor and consequent ly to delayed or ectopic eruption of its permanent successor. This article will review the possible sequelae affecting primary incisors following thei r intrusion.