Echinotinctone (3) is formed by acid-catalyzed condensation of 1,2,4-trihyd
roxytoluene (1) with orcylaldehyde (2), a reaction mimicking the probable b
iosynthesis. A more efficient stepwise synthesis proceeds via the benzophen
one intermediate 11, which can be converted to 2,6-dihydroxy-1,8-dimethyl-3
H-xanthen-3-one (3) by LiAlH4 reduction and subsequent acid-catalyzed ring
closure.