Combining census and survey data to trace the spatial dimensions of poverty: A case study of Ecuador

Poverty maps provide information on the spatial distribution of living stan dards. They are an important tool for policymakers, who rely on them to all ocate transfers and inform policy design. Poverty maps are also an importan t tool for researchers, who use them to investigate the relationship betwee n distribution within a country and growth or other economic, environmental , or social outcomes. A major impediment to the development of poverty maps has been that needed data on income or consumption typically are available only from relatively small surveys. Census data have the required sample s ize brit generally do not have the required information. This article uses the case of Ecuador to demonstrate how sample survey data can be combined w ith census data to yield predicted poverty rates for the population covered by the census. These poverty rates are found to be precisely measured, eve n at fairly disaggregated levels. However, beyond a certain level of spatia l disaggregation, standard errors rise vapidly.