Viral subversion of the immune system

This review describes the diverse array of pathways and molecular targets t hat are used by viruses to elude immune detection and destruction. These in clude targeting of pathways for major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling, and humoral immune responses. The continuous interactions between host and pathogens du ring their coevolution have shaped the immune system, but also the counter measures used by pathogens. Further study of their interactions should impr ove our ability to manipulate and exploit the various pathogens.