Expression of growth and differentiation factor-9 in the ovaries of fetal sheep homozygous or heterozygous for the Inverdale prolificacy gene (FecX(I))

Abnormal follicular and oocyte growth in ovaries of sheep homozygous (II) f or the Inverdale gene, FecX(I), suggest that this gene may influence a fund amental event in initiation of folliculogenesis, with two copies of the gen e inhibiting growth at the primordial/primary stage. In addition, striking similarities in ovarian morphology between mice deficient in growth and dif ferentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and II sheep suggest a relationship between t he FecX(I) gene and GDF-9 function in the ovary. Therefore, it was hypothes ized that GDF-9 mRNA expression would be inhibited in ovaries of II fetal s heep. To test this hypothesis, in situ hybridization was used to characteri ze GDF-9 mRNA expression in ovaries of homozygous (II), heterozygous (I+), and control (+ +) fetal sheep at Day 135 of gestation. GDF-9 mRNA expressio n was localized exclusively to oocytes from the type 1 follicle stage onwar d in all genotypes and is the first demonstration of GDF-9 mRNA expression in ovaries of fetal sheep. In addition, GDF-9 mRNA expression was detected in oocytes of abnormal type 2 follicles in the ovaries of II sheep. Thus, i t does not appear that inhibition of GDF-9 gene expression is the mechanism of action whereby the FecX(I) gene exerts its influence. However, the poss ibility of translation at specific stages of follicular development cannot presently be ruled out. In addition, the FecX(I) gene may be involved, eith er directly or indirectly, in regulating expression of receptors for GDF-9. At present, however, neither the FecX(I) gene product nor the GDF-9 recept or has been isolated or characterized.