The body of literature pertaining to the uses of near-infrared spectroscopy
and imaging in the medical field has been, reviewed with particular emphas
is on advances made in the last few years. Representative ex-vivo and in-vi
vo applications are highlighted to illustrate the potential of near-infrare
d (near-IR) spectroscopy as an inexpensive and portable tool in medicine, i
n particular for early diagnostic screening in a clinical setting.