Serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic men and women consuming oat bran and amaranth products

One hundred-eighty hypercholesterolemic subjects following the National Cho lesterol Education Program Step One Diet were randomly divided into six gro ups (30 +/- 2/group). Group 1 served as the control and received no fiber s upplements. The fiber supplemented groups received 50 g/day of oat bran or amaranth from various sources: Group 2 (oat bran muffins); Group 3 (amarant h muffins); Group 4 (Oat Bran O's); Group 5 (Oat Bran Flakes); and Group 6 (a variety of oat bran products). Pasting serum total cholesterol (FSTC), l ow density-, very low density-, and high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (L DL-C, VLDL-C, and HDL-C) and serum triacylglycerols were measured before an d after the 28-day intervention. Three-day diet records were completed befo re and after intervention. Subjects reduced (P < 0.05) the mean intake of t otal and saturated fat, and cholesterol, FSTC dropped more than twice as mu ch (P < 0.05) as was observed with fat modification alone (Group 1 = -0.31 mmol/L), when oat bran was provided as flakes (Group 5 = -0.86 mmol/L) or i n a variety of forms (Group 6 = -0.75 mmol/L). If the initial ratio of HDL- C to FSTC was low, then supplementation did not decrease FSTC to the extent observed when the initial ratio was high. Compliance with the dietary inte rventions was best when the subjects gave the product a rating of less than or equal to 2.0 (on a 1-4 hedonic scale, with 1 being excellent). We can c onclude from these data that fiber supplementation to reduce serum choleste rol is most effective in hypercholesterolemic individuals that have a great er proportion of HDL-C. In addition, not all the oat bran products evaluate d were able to lower cholesterol to the same extent, indicating that the ab ility of soluble fiber to reduce FSTC can be compromised by other dietary f actors such as insoluble fiber.