Study objectives: Considerable variation exists in hospital admission rates
for patients with community-acquired pneumonia, Logic to determine need fo
r admission has been proposed by several authors. We compared Intermountain
Health Care pneumonia guideline recommendations for inpatient vs outpatien
t care with actual physician decision making and clinical outcomes before v
s after implementation. A secondary objective was to determine whether the
pneumonia severity index predicts need for admission in this population.
Design: Prospective study after implementation vs historic controls. Settin
g: Four ambulatory, urgent-care facilities.
Patients: Four hundred sixty-three immunocompetent adults with radiographic
ally confirmed community-acquired pneumonia.
Intervention: A pneumonia practice guideline including decision support log
ic was implemented for a le-month period.
Measurements and results: After implementation, physicians used the pneumon
ia guideline form in 90% of cases, The percentage of patients admitted with
in 30 days decreased from 13.6% to 6.4% (p = 0.01). Only five patients befo
re (2.5%) and three patients after (1.1%, p = 0.3) guideline implementation
required subsequent hospital admission within 30 days after initial outpat
ient treatment. Only two deaths occurred in the study cohort, both outpatie
nts before implementation. The positive predictive value was 14.4%, and the
negative predictive value for admission was 98.8% after guideline implemen
tation. Guideline recommendation for admission was more likely to be follow
ed in patients with more risk factors and hypoxemia.
Conclusions: Decreased admission rate was observed after implementation of
admission decision support in combination,vith specific recommendations for
outpatient antibiotic therapy. Favorable outpatient outcomes suggest that
implementation of decision support was safe.