W. Imajuku et al., Low-noise amplification under the 3dB noise figure in high-gain phase-sensitive fibre amplifier, ELECTR LETT, 35(22), 1999, pp. 1954-1955
A noise figure which is less than the standard quantum limit of 3dB has bee
n observed for the first time in a high gain phase-sensitive fibre parametr
ic amplifier. A noise figure of 1.8dB with a 16dB signal gain was measured
by a precisely calibrated electrical spectrum analyser.