Cm. Custer et al., MIGRATION CHRONOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF REDHEADS ON THE LOWER LAGUNA-MADRE, TEXAS, The Southwestern naturalist, 42(1), 1997, pp. 40-51
An estimated 80% of redheads (Aythya americana) winter on the Laguna M
adre of southern Texas and Mexico. Because there have been profound ch
anges in the Laguna Madre over the past three decades and the area is
facing increasing industrial and recreational development, we studied
the winter distribution and habitat requirements of redheads during tw
o winters (1987-1988 and 1988-1989) on the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas t
o provide information that could be used to understand, identify, and
protect wintering redhead habitat. Redheads began arriving on the Lowe
r Laguna Madre during early October in 1987 and 1988, and continued to
arrive through November. Redhead migration was closely associated wit
h passing weather fronts. Redheads arrived on the day a front arrived
and during the following two days; no migrants were observed arriving
the day before a weather front arrived. Flock size of arriving redhead
s was 26.4 +/- 0.6 birds and did not differ among days or by time of d
ay (morning midday, or afternoon). Number of flocks arriving per 0.5 h
interval (arrival rate) was greater during afternoon (21.7 +/- 0.6) t
han during morning (4.3 +/- 1.2) or midday (1.5 +/- 0.4) on the day of
frontal passage and during the first day after frontal passage. Upon
arrival, redhead flocks congregated in the central portion of the Lowe
r Laguna Madre. They continued to use the central portion throughout t
he winter, but gradually spread to the northern and southern ends of t
he lagoon. Seventy-one percent of the area used by flocks was vegetate
d with shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii) although shoalgrass covered only
32% of the lagoon. Flock movements seemed to be related to tide level
; redheads moved to remain in water 12-30 cm deep. These data can be u
sed by the environmental community to identify and protect this unique
and indispensable habitat for wintering redheads.