The authors consider the definition and measurement of deprivation and of r
urality in the context of health-care research. Parallels are drawn between
the methodological issues involved in the measurement of deprivation and o
f rurality. An empirical study of the South West of England reveals the ext
ent of disagreement between standard rurality measures; in particular, the
authors suggest that rural deprivation will be poorly represented by the co
nventional approaches. They argue for the developoment of new approaches to
the measurement of deprivation in rural areas, in which advantage is taken
of contemporary data sources.