Hapten-induced colitis associated with maintained Th1 and inflammatory responses in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice

IFN-gamma is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine thought to be involved in t he pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. To further define the role of IFN-gamma in intestinal inflammation, we studied the effects of intra-colonic 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) instillation in mice with a functional ly inactivated IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFN-gamma R1(-/-)). Our results indica te that IFN-gamma is not necessary for the induction of hapten-induced coli tis: after TNBS administration both wildtype and IFN-gamma R1(-/-) mice los t body weight, and the histological features of TNBS-induced colitis were c omparable. Colons of IFN-gamma R1(-/-) mice contained a greater number of c ells, represented by macrophages and CD4(+) T cells; caudal lymph node cell s produced more IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha upon stimulation in vitro. Moreover , IL-18 and IL-12 p40 RNA levels were comparably up-regulated after TNBS tr eatment in IFN-gamma R1(-/-) wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate tha t IFN-gamma is dispensable for the development of TNBS-induced colitis. Imp ortantly, the production of Th1 cytokines (e. g. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) b y caudal lymph node T lymphocytes was enhanced rather than decreased in IFN gamma R1(-/-) mice with no evidence for default Th2 development.