Numerical modelling of full-scale tests on drystone masonry retaining walls

The behaviour of four drystone masonry retaining walls of different geometr y has been modelled numerically using the discrete element code UDEC, and t he results have been compared with the field trials carried out by Burgoyne in Ireland in 1834. By using appropriate soil and wall mass densities, str engths and stiffnesses, it was possible to reproduce in the numerical analy ses the field behaviour observed by Burgoyne, Reasonably close agreement wa s obtained between the horizontal components of earth pressures calculated in the numerical analyses and using the earth pressure coefficients given b y Caquot and Kerisel. Basal stress distributions calculated using the condi tion of equilibrium of the wall were also broadly consistent with those res ulting from the numerical analyses. The results also confirm both the influ ence of the geometry of a drystone masonry retaining wall on its performanc e and ultimate stability, and the soundness of Burgoyne's engineering judge ment in specifying his programme of field tests.