Immunopathology of schistosomiasis: a cautionary tale of mice and men

Murine experimental models have been used extensively to demonstrate that t he specific dominance of a type 1 or type 2 cytokine response will influenc e the outcome of infection with a number of pathogens. Here, using a human helminth infection as an example, Padraic Fallon illustrates the problems o f extrapolating from mouse to humans with respect to cytokine-associated im munopathology.