Cross-hole electrical imaging of a controlled saline tracer injection

Electrical imaging of tracer tests can provide valuable information on the spatial variability of solute transport processes. This concept was investi gated by cross-borehole electrical imaging of a controlled release in an ex perimental tank. A saline tracer (conductivity 8 X 10(3) ms/m volume 270 1) was injected into a tank facility (dimensions 10 X 10 X 3 m) consisting of alternating sand and clay layers. Injection was from 0.3 m below the surfa ce, at a point where maximum interaction between tank structure and tracer transport was expected. Repeated imaging over a two-week period detected no n-uniform tracer transport, partly caused by the sand/clay sequence. Tracer accumulation on two clay layers was observed and density-driven spill of t racer over a clay shelf was imaged. An additional unexpected flow pathway, probably caused by complications during array installation, was identified close to an electrode array. Pore water samples obtained following terminat ion of electrical imaging generally supported the observed electrical respo nse, although discrepancies arose when analysing the response of individual pixels. The pixels that make up the electrical images were interpreted as a large number of breakthrough curves. The shape of the pixel breakthrough- recession curve allowed some quantitative interpretation of solute travel t ime, as well as a qualitative assessment of spatial variability in advectiv e-dispersive transport characteristics across the image plane. Although sur face conduction effects associated with the clay layers complicated interpr etation, the plotting of pixel breakthroughs was considered a useful step i n the hydrological interpretation of the tracer test. The spatial coverage provided by the high density of pixels is the factor that most encourages t he approach. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.