In vivo strain measurements to evaluate the strengthening potential of exercises on the tibial bone

Mechanical loading during physical activity produces strains within bones. It is thought that these forces provide the stimulus for the adaptation of bone, Tibial strains and rates of strain were measured in vivo in six subje cts during running, stationary bicycling, leg Dresses and stepping and were compared with those of walking, an activity which has been found to have o nly a minimal effect on bone mass. Running had a statistically significant higher principal tension, compressi on and shear strain and strain rates than walking. Stationary bicycling had significantly lower tension and shear strains than walking. If bone strain s and/or strain rates higher than walking are needed for tibial hone streng thening, then running is an effective strengthening exercise for tibial bon e.