Hysteretic models for deteriorating inelastic structures

The modeling of deteriorating hysteretic behavior is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of seismic analysis and design. This p aper presents the development of a versatile smooth hysteretic model based on internal variables, with stiffness and strength deterioration and with p inching characteristics. The theoretical background, development, and imple mentation of the model are discussed. Examples are shown to illustrate the features of the model. Many inelastic constitutive models in popular use ha ve been developed independently of each other based on different behavioral , physical, or mathematical motivations. This paper attempts to unify the c oncepts underlying such models. Such a holistic understanding is essential to realize limitations in application of inelastic models and to extend 1D models to 3D models featuring interaction between various stress resultants .